Pengaruh Inokulasi Glomus etunicatum terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yang Ditanam pada Cekaman Garam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v7i2.272Kata Kunci:
antioksidan, cekaman garam, mikoriza, peroksidasi, tomatAbstrak
Hadirnya kadar garam dapat menyebabkan cekaman abiotik yang penting saat ini. Tanaman memiliki strategi khusus dalam menghadapi cekaman garam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi jamur mikoriza arbuskula Glomus etunicatum terhadap beberapa parameter biokimia pada tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yang ditanam pada kondisi cekaman garam kadar tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial dan lima ulangan. Faktor pertama tanpa dan inokulasi jamur G. etunicatum. Faktor kedua beberapa konsentrasi NaCl (0, 50, 100 dan 200 mM). Paramater yang diamati yaitu kadar fosfor, infeksi akar, konsentrasi klorofil dan karotenoid, aktivitas enzim antioksidan (superoksida dismutase dan katalase) serta kadar malondialdehid pada akhir pengamatan (hari ke-45). Hasilnya menunjukkan perlakuan konsentrasi NaCl yang meningkat semakin menurunkan kadar fosfor, konsentrasi klorofil dan karotenoid serta semakin meningkatkan aktivitas superoksida dismutase, katalase dan kadar malondialdehid. Sedangkan perlakuan inokulasi G. etunicatum berpengaruh sebaliknya dari perlakuan NaCl. Begitupun parameter infeksi akar semakin menurun pada tanaman tomat yang dinokulasi G. etunicatum dengan meningkatnya perlakuan konsentarasi NaCl. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kehadiran jamur mikoriza arbuskula mampu menurunkan dampak negatif dari cekaman garam pada tanaman tomat.
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Referensi
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Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño ÁM, Paz JA, García-Mina JM, Pozo MJ, López-Ráez JA. 2013. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Influences Strigolactone Production under Salinity and Alleviates Salt Stress in Lettuce Plants. Journal of plant physiology, 170(1), 47-55.
Borde M, Dudhane M, Kulkarni M. 2017. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Salinity Tolerance and Growth Response in Plants under Salt Stress Conditions. In Mycorrhiza-Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials (pp. 71-86). Springer, Cham.
Diagne N, Ngom M, Djighaly PI, Fall D, Hocher V, Svistoonoff S. 2020. Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation. Diversity, 12(10), 370.
Diao F, Dang Z, Xu J, Ding S, Hao B, Zhang Z, Guo W. 2021. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance-Related Gene Expression in Halophyte Suaeda Salsa under Salt Treatments. Microbiological Research, 245, 126688.
Ebrahim MK, Saleem AR. 2017. Alleviating Salt Stress in Tomato Inoculated with Mycorrhizae: Photosynthetic Performance and Enzymatic Antioxidants. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(6), 850-860.
Estrada B, Aroca R, Barea JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2013. Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated From A Saline Habitat Improved Maize Antioxidant Systems and Plant Tolerance to Salinity. Plant science, 201, 42-51.
Garg N, Bhandari P. 2016. Interactive Effects of Silicon and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Modulating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Antioxidant Scavenging Capacity in Differentially Salt-Tolerant Cicer Arietinum L. Genotypes Subjected to Long-Term Salinity. Protoplasma, 253(5), 1325-1345.
Gómez-Bellot MJ, Lorente B, Nortes P, Ortuño MF, Sánchez-Blanco MJ, Alarcón JJ. 2021. Effect of Mixed Substrate with Different Mycorrhizal Fungi Concentrations on The Physiological and Productive Response of Three Varieties of Tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 283, 110040.
Hameed A, Dilfuza E, Abd-Allah EF, Hashem A, Kumar A, Ahmad P. 2014. Salinity Stress and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Plants. In Use of Microbes for the Alleviation of Soil Stresses, Volume 1 (pp. 139-159). Springer, New York, NY.
Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Aldubise A, Egamberdieva D. 2015. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhances Salinity Tolerance of Panicum Turgidum Forssk by Altering Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Pathways. Journal of Plant Interactions, 10(1), 230-242.
Hassena AB, Zouari M, Trabelsi L, Decou R, Amar FB, Chaari A, Zouari N. 2021. Potential Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mitigating The Salinity of Treated Wastewater in Young Olive Plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui). Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106635.
Haque SI, Matsubara YI. 2018. Salinity Tolerance and Sodium Localization in Mycorrhizal Strawberry Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49(22), 2782-2792.
Heidarianpour MB, Aliasgharzad N, Olsson PA. 2020. Positive Effects of Co-Inoculation with Rhizophagus Irregularis and Serendipita Indica on Tomato Growth under Saline Conditions, and Their Individual Colonization Estimated by Signature Lipids. Mycorrhiza, 30, 455-466.
Heydari S, Pirzad A. 2020. Mycorrhizal Fungi and Thiobacillus Co-Inoculation Improve The Physiological Indices of Lallemantia iberica under Salinity Stress. Current Microbiology, 77, 2523-2534.
Kabir AH, Debnath T, Das U, Prity SA, Haque A, Rahman MM, Parvez MS. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate Fe-Deficiency Symptoms in Sunflower by Increasing Iron Uptake and Its Availability along with Antioxidant Defense. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 150, 254-262.
Kang SM, Khan AL, Waqas M, You YH, Kim JH, Kim JG, Lee IJ. 2014. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity and Osmotic Stress by Regulating Phytohormones and Antioxidants in Cucumis sativus. Journal of Plant Interactions, 9(1), 673-682.
Kavroulakis N, Tsiknia M, Ipsilantis I, Kavadia A, Stedel C, Psarras G, Ehaliotis C. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inocula from Coastal Sand Dunes Arrest Olive Cutting Growth under Salinity Stress. Mycorrhiza, 30, 475-489.
Kazemi R, Ronaghi A, Yasrebi J, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zarei M. 2019. Effect of Shrimp Waste–Derived Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Yield, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Chemical Composition of Corn under Salinity Stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19(4), 758-770.
Khalloufi M, Martínez-Andújar C, Lachaâl M, Karray-Bouraoui N, Pérez-Alfocea F, Albacete A. 2017. The Interaction between Foliar GA3 Application and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Improves Growth in Salinized Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plants by Modifying the Hormonal Balance. Journal of plant physiology, 214, 134-144.
Kong L, Gong X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Sun J, Chen B. 2020. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthesis, Ion Balance of Tomato Plants under Saline-Alkali Soil Condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(5), 682-698.
Kumar A, Dames JF, Gupta A, Sharma S, Gilbert JA, Ahmad P. 2015. Current Developments in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Research and Its Role in Salinity Stress Alleviation: A Biotechnological Perspective. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 35(4), 461-474.
Latef AAHA, Chaoxing H. 2011. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Fruit Yield of Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(3), 228-233.
Li Z, Wu N, Meng S, Wu F, Liu T. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Enhance The Tolerance of Euonymus maackii Rupr. at a Moderate Level of Salinity. Plos one, 15(4), e0231497.
Malhi GS, Kaur M, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. 2021. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Combating Abiotic Stresses in Vegetables: An Eco-Friendly Approach. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(2), 1465.
Oztekin GB, Tuzel Y, Tuzel IH. 2013. Does Mycorrhiza Improve Salinity Tolerance in Grafted Plants?. Scientia Horticulturae, 149, 55-60.
Parvin S, Van Geel M, Yeasmin T, Verbruggen E, Honnay O. 2020. Effects of Single and Multiple Species Inocula of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Salinity Tolerance of A Bangladeshi Rice Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivar. Mycorrhiza, 30(4), 431-444.
Patel D, Saraf M. 2013. Influence of Soil Ameliorants and Microflora on Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Growth Promotion of Jatropha Curcas L. under Saline Condition. European journal of soil biology, 55, 47-54.
Porcel R, Aroca R, Azcon R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2016. Regulation of Cation Transporter Genes by The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Rice Plants Subjected to Salinity Suggests Improved Salt Tolerance Due to Reduced Na+ Root-To-Shoot Distribution. Mycorrhiza, 26(7), 673-684.
Qiu YJ, Zhang NL, Zhang LL, Zhang XL, Wu AP, Huang JY, Wang YH. 2020. Mediation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Biochemical Parameters of Ligustrum Vicaryi in Response to Salinity. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 112, 101522.
Rivero J, Álvarez D, Flors V, Azcón‐Aguilar C, Pozo MJ. 2018. Root Metabolic Plasticity Underlies Functional Diversity in Mycorrhiza‐Enhanced Stress Tolerance in Tomato. New Phytologist, 220(4), 1322-1336.
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R. 2012. Regulation by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of The Integrated Physiological Response to Salinity in Plants: New Challenges in Physiological and Molecular Studies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(11), 4033-4044.
Santander C, Ruiz A, García S, Aroca R, Cumming J, Cornejo P. 2020. Efficiency of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inocula to Improve Saline Stress Tolerance in Lettuce Plants by Changes of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(4), 1577-1587.
Sellitto VM, Golubkina NA, Pietrantonio L, Cozzolino E, Cuciniello A, Cenvinzo V, Caruso G. 2019. Tomato Yield, Quality, Mineral Composition and Antioxidants as Affected by Beneficial Microorganisms under Soil Salinity Induced by Balanced Nutrient Solutions. Agriculture, 9(5), 110.
Talaat NB, Shawky BT. 2014. Protective Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants Exposed to Salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 98, 20-31.
Wang H, Liang L, Liu B, Huang D, Liu S, Liu R, Chen Y. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Regulate Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Defense Systems to Mediate Salt Tolerance in Maize. Plants, 9(11), 1430.
Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Ahammed GJ, Wen W, Guo S, Sun J. 2021. Auxin is Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Promoted Tomato Growth and NADP-Malic Enzymes Expression in Continuous Cropping Substrates. BMC plant biology, 21(1), 1-12.
Zhang X, Gao H, Liang Y, Cao Y. 2021. Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis of Asparagus Roots Reveals The Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 185, 104402.
Abdelaziz ME, Abdelsattar M, Abdeldaym EA, Atia MA, Mahmoud AWM, Saad MM, Hirt H. 2019. Piriformospora Indica Alters Na+/K+ Homeostasis, Antioxidant Enzymes and Lenhx1 Expression of Greenhouse Tomato Grown under Salt Stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, 108532.
Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño ÁM, Paz JA, García-Mina JM, Pozo MJ, López-Ráez JA. 2013. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Influences Strigolactone Production under Salinity and Alleviates Salt Stress in Lettuce Plants. Journal of plant physiology, 170(1), 47-55.
Borde M, Dudhane M, Kulkarni M. 2017. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Salinity Tolerance and Growth Response in Plants under Salt Stress Conditions. In Mycorrhiza-Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials (pp. 71-86). Springer, Cham.
Diagne N, Ngom M, Djighaly PI, Fall D, Hocher V, Svistoonoff S. 2020. Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation. Diversity, 12(10), 370.
Diao F, Dang Z, Xu J, Ding S, Hao B, Zhang Z, Guo W. 2021. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance-Related Gene Expression in Halophyte Suaeda Salsa under Salt Treatments. Microbiological Research, 245, 126688.
Ebrahim MK, Saleem AR. 2017. Alleviating Salt Stress in Tomato Inoculated with Mycorrhizae: Photosynthetic Performance and Enzymatic Antioxidants. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(6), 850-860.
Estrada B, Aroca R, Barea JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2013. Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated From A Saline Habitat Improved Maize Antioxidant Systems and Plant Tolerance to Salinity. Plant science, 201, 42-51.
Garg N, Bhandari P. 2016. Interactive Effects of Silicon and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Modulating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Antioxidant Scavenging Capacity in Differentially Salt-Tolerant Cicer Arietinum L. Genotypes Subjected to Long-Term Salinity. Protoplasma, 253(5), 1325-1345.
Gómez-Bellot MJ, Lorente B, Nortes P, Ortuño MF, Sánchez-Blanco MJ, Alarcón JJ. 2021. Effect of Mixed Substrate with Different Mycorrhizal Fungi Concentrations on The Physiological and Productive Response of Three Varieties of Tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 283, 110040.
Hameed A, Dilfuza E, Abd-Allah EF, Hashem A, Kumar A, Ahmad P. 2014. Salinity Stress and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Plants. In Use of Microbes for the Alleviation of Soil Stresses, Volume 1 (pp. 139-159). Springer, New York, NY.
Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Aldubise A, Egamberdieva D. 2015. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhances Salinity Tolerance of Panicum Turgidum Forssk by Altering Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Pathways. Journal of Plant Interactions, 10(1), 230-242.
Hassena AB, Zouari M, Trabelsi L, Decou R, Amar FB, Chaari A, Zouari N. 2021. Potential Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mitigating The Salinity of Treated Wastewater in Young Olive Plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui). Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106635.
Haque SI, Matsubara YI. 2018. Salinity Tolerance and Sodium Localization in Mycorrhizal Strawberry Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49(22), 2782-2792.
Heidarianpour MB, Aliasgharzad N, Olsson PA. 2020. Positive Effects of Co-Inoculation with Rhizophagus Irregularis and Serendipita Indica on Tomato Growth under Saline Conditions, and Their Individual Colonization Estimated by Signature Lipids. Mycorrhiza, 30, 455-466.
Heydari S, Pirzad A. 2020. Mycorrhizal Fungi and Thiobacillus Co-Inoculation Improve The Physiological Indices of Lallemantia iberica under Salinity Stress. Current Microbiology, 77, 2523-2534.
Kabir AH, Debnath T, Das U, Prity SA, Haque A, Rahman MM, Parvez MS. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate Fe-Deficiency Symptoms in Sunflower by Increasing Iron Uptake and Its Availability along with Antioxidant Defense. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 150, 254-262.
Kang SM, Khan AL, Waqas M, You YH, Kim JH, Kim JG, Lee IJ. 2014. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Reduce Adverse Effects of Salinity and Osmotic Stress by Regulating Phytohormones and Antioxidants in Cucumis sativus. Journal of Plant Interactions, 9(1), 673-682.
Kavroulakis N, Tsiknia M, Ipsilantis I, Kavadia A, Stedel C, Psarras G, Ehaliotis C. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inocula from Coastal Sand Dunes Arrest Olive Cutting Growth under Salinity Stress. Mycorrhiza, 30, 475-489.
Kazemi R, Ronaghi A, Yasrebi J, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zarei M. 2019. Effect of Shrimp Waste–Derived Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Yield, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Chemical Composition of Corn under Salinity Stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 19(4), 758-770.
Khalloufi M, Martínez-Andújar C, Lachaâl M, Karray-Bouraoui N, Pérez-Alfocea F, Albacete A. 2017. The Interaction between Foliar GA3 Application and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Improves Growth in Salinized Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plants by Modifying the Hormonal Balance. Journal of plant physiology, 214, 134-144.
Kong L, Gong X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Sun J, Chen B. 2020. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthesis, Ion Balance of Tomato Plants under Saline-Alkali Soil Condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(5), 682-698.
Kumar A, Dames JF, Gupta A, Sharma S, Gilbert JA, Ahmad P. 2015. Current Developments in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Research and Its Role in Salinity Stress Alleviation: A Biotechnological Perspective. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 35(4), 461-474.
Latef AAHA, Chaoxing H. 2011. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Fruit Yield of Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(3), 228-233.
Li Z, Wu N, Meng S, Wu F, Liu T. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Enhance The Tolerance of Euonymus maackii Rupr. at a Moderate Level of Salinity. Plos one, 15(4), e0231497.
Malhi GS, Kaur M, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. 2021. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Combating Abiotic Stresses in Vegetables: An Eco-Friendly Approach. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(2), 1465.
Oztekin GB, Tuzel Y, Tuzel IH. 2013. Does Mycorrhiza Improve Salinity Tolerance in Grafted Plants?. Scientia Horticulturae, 149, 55-60.
Parvin S, Van Geel M, Yeasmin T, Verbruggen E, Honnay O. 2020. Effects of Single and Multiple Species Inocula of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Salinity Tolerance of A Bangladeshi Rice Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivar. Mycorrhiza, 30(4), 431-444.
Patel D, Saraf M. 2013. Influence of Soil Ameliorants and Microflora on Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes and Growth Promotion of Jatropha Curcas L. under Saline Condition. European journal of soil biology, 55, 47-54.
Porcel R, Aroca R, Azcon R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2016. Regulation of Cation Transporter Genes by The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Rice Plants Subjected to Salinity Suggests Improved Salt Tolerance Due to Reduced Na+ Root-To-Shoot Distribution. Mycorrhiza, 26(7), 673-684.
Qiu YJ, Zhang NL, Zhang LL, Zhang XL, Wu AP, Huang JY, Wang YH. 2020. Mediation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Biochemical Parameters of Ligustrum Vicaryi in Response to Salinity. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 112, 101522.
Rivero J, Álvarez D, Flors V, Azcón‐Aguilar C, Pozo MJ. 2018. Root Metabolic Plasticity Underlies Functional Diversity in Mycorrhiza‐Enhanced Stress Tolerance in Tomato. New Phytologist, 220(4), 1322-1336.
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R. 2012. Regulation by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of The Integrated Physiological Response to Salinity in Plants: New Challenges in Physiological and Molecular Studies. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(11), 4033-4044.
Santander C, Ruiz A, García S, Aroca R, Cumming J, Cornejo P. 2020. Efficiency of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inocula to Improve Saline Stress Tolerance in Lettuce Plants by Changes of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(4), 1577-1587.
Sellitto VM, Golubkina NA, Pietrantonio L, Cozzolino E, Cuciniello A, Cenvinzo V, Caruso G. 2019. Tomato Yield, Quality, Mineral Composition and Antioxidants as Affected by Beneficial Microorganisms under Soil Salinity Induced by Balanced Nutrient Solutions. Agriculture, 9(5), 110.
Talaat NB, Shawky BT. 2014. Protective Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants Exposed to Salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 98, 20-31.
Wang H, Liang L, Liu B, Huang D, Liu S, Liu R, Chen Y. 2020. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Regulate Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Defense Systems to Mediate Salt Tolerance in Maize. Plants, 9(11), 1430.
Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Ahammed GJ, Wen W, Guo S, Sun J. 2021. Auxin is Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Promoted Tomato Growth and NADP-Malic Enzymes Expression in Continuous Cropping Substrates. BMC plant biology, 21(1), 1-12.
Zhang X, Gao H, Liang Y, Cao Y. 2021. Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis of Asparagus Roots Reveals The Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 185, 104402.
Unduhan
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2022-12-31
Cara Mengutip
Salim, M. A. (2022) “Pengaruh Inokulasi Glomus etunicatum terhadap Biokimia Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yang Ditanam pada Cekaman Garam”, AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian, 7(2), hlm. 89–97. doi: 10.33019/agrosainstek.v7i2.272.
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