Optimasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.) dengan Pupuk Ammonium Klorida pada Dataran Rendah

Penulis

  • Eni Fidiyawati Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional image/svg+xml
  • Tri Cahyono National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of Indonesia , Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)
  • Dwi Setyorini National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of Indonesia , Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v8i1.418

Kata Kunci:

Jagung, Pupuk, hasil

Abstrak

Tingginya kesenjangan hasil antara varietas dengan potensi produksi nyata jagung di lapangan menjadi salah satu kendala dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan jagung nasional. Berbagai upaya peningkatan produktivitas terus dilakukan, salah satunya dengan pemberian pupuk anorganik yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan spesifikasi tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Mojosari BPTP Jawa Timur pada bulan November 2020 sampai dengan Februari 2021. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 ulangan dan 6 perlakuan, termasuk kontrol (tanpa pupuk) dan 5 perlakuan lainnya, yaitu kombinasi pupuk amonium klorida dan dosis pupuk urea. Kombinasi tersebut adalah: A (tanpa pupuk), B (Urea 250 kg/Ha + tanpa Amonium Klorida), C (Urea 187,5 kg/Ha + Amonium Klorida 111 kg/Ha), D (Urea 125 kg/Ha + Amonium Klorida 221 kg/Ha), E (Urea 62,5 kg/Ha + Amonium Klorida 332 kg/Ha) dan F (tanpa Urea + Amonium Klorida 442 kg/Ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan F menunjukkan hasil tertinggi pada variabel tinggi tanaman dan lebar tajuk, perlakuan E menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada variabel lebar daun, dan perlakuan C menunjukkan hasil tertinggi pada variabel diameter batang. Sedangkan parameter hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua kombinasi perlakuan memperoleh hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulannya pupuk amonium klorida ini dapat digunakan untuk tanaman jagung karena memiliki tambahan unsur klorida yang berguna untuk efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen pada tanaman, namun aplikasi klorida harus dibatasi.

Unduhan

Data unduhan tidak tersedia.

Biografi Penulis

  • Tri Cahyono, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of Indonesia, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

    Ilmu Tanah

  • Dwi Setyorini, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of Indonesia, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

    Fisiologi Tanaman

Referensi

Amin, M.E.-M.H., 2011. Effect of different nitrogen sources on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 10, 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2010.06.003

Blanco, F.F., Folegatti, M.V., Gheyi, H.R., Fernandes, P.D., 2008. Growth and yield of corn irrigated with saline water. Sci. Agric. 65, 574–580. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162008000600002

Cañas, R.A., Quilleré, I., Lea, P.J., Hirel, B., 2010. Analysis of amino acid metabolism in the ear of maize mutants deficient in two cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoenzymes highlights the importance of asparagine for nitrogen translocation within sink organs. Plant Biotechnol. J. 8, 966–978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00524.x

Chai, X., Chen, L., Xue, B., Liu, E., 2017. Granulation of ammonium chloride fertilizer and agglomeration mechanism. Powder Technol. 319, 148–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.045

Chen, X., Ren, X., Hussain, Sadam, Hussain, Saddam, Saqib, M., 2020. Effects of Elevated Ammonia Concentration on Corn Growth and Grain Yield Under Different Nitrogen Application Rates. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 20, 1961–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00267-1

Di Paolo, E., Rinaldi, M., 2008. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. F. Crop. Res. 105, 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.004

Fahmi, A., Syamsudin, Utami, S.N.H., Radjagukguk, B., 2010. The Effect of Interaction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients on Maize (Zea Mays L.) Grown In Regosol and Latosol Soils. Ber. Biol. 10, 297–304.

Franco-Navarro, J.D., Brumós, J., Rosales, M.A., Cubero-Font, P., Talón, M., Colmenero-Flores, J.M., 2016. Chloride regulates leaf cell size and water relations in tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot. 67, 873–891. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv502

Haghighat, A., Rad, A.H.S., Seifzadeh, S., Zandi, P., Yousefi, M., 2011. Effect of plant density and cattle manure on some agronomic traits of sweet corn under different culture methods. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 5, 2060–2064.

Lamond, B.R., Martin, V., Olsen, C., Rector, K., Co, R., Co, B., Co, M., Co, M., Cl, B., Co, R., 2000. Chloride Fertilization Increases Yields of Corn and Grain Sorghum 84, 10–11.

Lestari, A.P., 2009. Pengembangan Pertanian Berkelanjutan Melalui Substitusi Pupuk Anorganik Dengan Pupuk Organik. J. Agron. 13, 38–44.

Malagoli, P., Laine, P., Rossato, L., Ourry, A., 2005. Dynamics of nitrogen uptake and mobilization in field-grown winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) from stem extension to harvest: I. Global N flows between vegetative and reproductive tissues in relation to leaf fall and their residual N. Ann. Bot. 95, 853–861. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci091

Paul, N.C., Paul, U., Paul, S.C., Paul, S.K., 2019. Effects of plant spacing and nitrogen level on the green fodder yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci. 4, 307–312. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040308

Rosales, M.A., Franco-Navarro, J.D., Peinado-Torrubia, P., Díaz-Rueda, P., Álvarez, R., Colmenero-Flores, J.M., 2020. Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants. Front. Plant Sci. 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00442

Schlegel, A.J., Grant, C.A., Havlin, J.L., 2005. Challenging approaches to nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in continuous cropping systems in the Great Plains. Agron. J. 97, 391–398. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0391

Shapiro, C.A., Wortmann, C.S., 2006. Corn Response to Nitrogen Rate, Row Spacing, and Plant Density in Eastern Nebraska. Agron. J. 98, 529–535. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0137

Sofyan, E.T., Machfud, Y., Mulyani, O., Gusyana, D., Rajagukguk, R.P., 2017. Uji Efektivitas Pupuk An-Organik Ammonium Klorida “BUMI IJO” Terhadap Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.), in: Seminar, Expo Dan Diskusi (SEEDs) Perbenihan Nasional 2017. AGROPROSS, National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture, Jember, pp. 7–29. https://doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2017.41

Su, W., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, I., Han, Q., 2020. Nitrogen fertilization affects maize grain yield through regulating nitrogen uptake, radiation and water use efficiency, photosynthesis and root distribution. PeerJ 8, e10291. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10291

Tabri, F., 2010. Pengaruh Pupuk N, P, K terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Hibrida dan Komposit pada Tanah Inseptisol Endoaquepts Kabupaten Barru Sulawesi Selatan. Pros. Pekan Serealia Nas. 248–253.

White, P.J., Broadley, M.R., 2001. Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant: A review. Ann. Bot. 88, 967–988. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1540

Xing, Y., Jiang, W., He, X., Fiaz, S., Ahmad, S., Lei, X., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Wang, X., 2019. A review of nitrogen translocation and nitrogen-use efficiency. J. Plant Nutr. 42, 2624–2641. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1656247

Xu, G., Magen, H., Tarchitzky, J., Kafkafi, U., 1999. Advances in Chloride Nutrition of Plants. Adv. Agron. 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60844-5

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2024-06-30

Terbitan

Vol 8 No 1 (2024): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian

Bagian

Artikel Penelitian

Lisensi

Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Eni Fidiyawati, Tri Cahyono, Dwi Setyorini

Creative Commons License

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Cara Mengutip

“Optimasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.) dengan Pupuk Ammonium Klorida pada Dataran Rendah” (2024) AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian, 8(1), hlm. 17–24. doi:10.33019/agrosainstek.v8i1.418.