Efek Eugenol dan Kombinasinya dengan Asam Lemak terhadap Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Enzim pada Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v10i1.1003Kata Kunci:
Eugenol, Asam Lemak, Ulat Grayak Jagung, Topikal, Pestisida NabatiAbstrak
Spodoptera frugiperda telah menjadi ancaman serius bagi produksi tanaman jagung di Indonesia dan menyebabkan kerugian hasil yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan kombinasi eugenol dan asam lemak (Asam oleat, asam miristat dan asam laurat) terhadap mortalitas larva S. frugiperda. Semua campuran eugenol dan asam lemak disiapkan dalam rasio 1:5 dengan lima tingkat konsentrasi (0,1; 0,5; 1; 2 dan 5 % (w/v)) serta kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan aktivitas yang nyata antara perlakuan. Hampir semua konsentrasi yang diuji pada campuran eugenol dan asam oleat (0,5, 1, 2 dan 5%) berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas larva S. frugiperda dengan nilai mortalitas sebesar 80-100%. Campuran eugenol dan asam laurat menunjukkan peningkatan mortalitas mulai dari konsentrasi 0,5% yaitu sebesar 28,74%. Sedangkan pada campuran eugenol dan asam miristat, mortalitas paling tinggi terjadi pada konsentrasi 2% dan 5% masing-masing 98,75% dan 100%. Analisis toksisitas menunjukkan nilai LD50 eugenol tunggal sebesar 0,69 mg gr-1 larva, sedangkan kombinasi dengan asam oleat, asam laurat, dan asam miristat masing-masing sebesar 0,25; 0,74; dan 0,50 mg gr-1 larva. Nilai synergistic ratio (SR) menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi eugenol dan asam oleat memberikan efek sinergis tertinggi yaitu 2,76. Seluruh perlakuan kombinasi eugenol dan asam lemak memengaruhi aktivitas spesifik enzim sitokrom P450, glutathion S-transferase, dan esterase pada larva S. frugiperda. Secara keseluruhan, campuran eugenol dan asam oleat (1:5) memberikan efek terbaik dibandingkan campuran eugenol dengan asam laurat atau dengan asam miristat (1:5) terhadap larva S. frugiperda.
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