AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian (AGROSAINSTEK: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology) is a journal that publishes research articles, review articles, and research notes related to agrotechnology, including all their interfaces, in both Bahasa and English. The published fields consist of plant cultivation, plant breeding, plant ecophysiology, seed science, land agriculture, post-harvest, plant pests and diseases, weeds, agricultural technology, and agricultural biotechnology. AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian journal is published twice a year in every June and December. However, the online publication was done immediately after acceptance. This journal collaborates with Indonesian Society for Agronomy (PERAGI) Chapter Bangka Belitung. AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian (AGROSAINSTEK: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology) was accredited rank 3 (SINTA 3), based on Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Decree No. 36/E/KPT/2019, start from Volume 3 No. 2, 2019.
The Effect of Eugenol and Its Mixtures with Several Fatty Acids on the Toxicity and Enzyme Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Spodoptera frugiperda has become a serious threat to maize production in Indonesia, causing significant yield losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combinations of eugenol and fatty acids (oleic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid) against the mortality of S. frugiperda larvae. All mixtures were prepared at a ratio of 1:5 and tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5% (w/v) along with a control treatment. The results showed significant differences among treatments. The combination of eugenol and oleic acid caused the highest larval mortality, reaching 80–100% at concentrations of 0.5–5%. The eugenol and lauric acid mixture increased mortality beginning at 0.5% concentration, with a mortality rate of 28.74%. In the eugenol and myristic acid treatment, the highest mortality occurred at 2% and 5%, reaching 98.75% and 100%, respectively. Toxicity analysis showed that the LD50 value of eugenol alone was 0.69 mg g⁻¹ larva, while combinations with oleic acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid produced LD50 values of 0.25, 0.74, and 0.50 mg g⁻¹ larva, respectively. The synergistic ratio (SR) was highest in the eugenol and oleic acid combination (2.76), indicating the strongest synergistic effect. All combinations affected the specific activities of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and esterase enzymes in S. frugiperda larvae. Overall, the eugenol and oleic acid combination showed the best insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae
Copyright (c) 2026 Lili Amelia, Yusup Hidayat, Danar Dono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Potential Of Endophytic Bacteria From Rice Seeds To Control Bacterial Grain Rot (Burkholderia glumae) In Rice Plants
Bacterial grain rot is one of the diseases caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae in the rice plant. This disease can cause a 40% loss in rice crop yield. One technique for controlling this disease is to use biological control agents, specifically endophytic bacteria. The study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates that can potentially suppress grain rot disease (B. glumae) in rice plants. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 13 treatments and three replicates, each consisting of 2 experimental units. The treatments consisted of endophytic bacterial isolates BMI31, BMI33, ADI34, ADI35, ADI37, KKI35, KKI36, BI31, BI33, BI34, BI41, BPI41, a positive and a negative control. Endophytic bacteria were introduced into rice seeds and roots 21 days after sowing, while B. glumae was inoculated into rice plants at 45 days after sowing. The results of the study indicate that the endophytic bacteria with potential to control the development of bacterial grain rot disease in rice plants are isolates BMI33 and ADI35, with disease severity levels of 30.74%– 32.64% and effectiveness of 49.55–52.48%, AUDPC values of 293.99-351.95, and a percentage of disease development suppression effectiveness of 60.73%- 70.61%. The results show that endophytic bacterial isolates have the potential to become biological control agents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutiara Septu, Jumsu Trisno, Haliatur Rahma Rahma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphophysiological and Vanillin Quality Evaluation of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) under Water Stress
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.) is a globally popular flavoring cultivated in tropical regions such as Madagascar, Indonesia, and Mexico. Due to global climate change, particularly the El Niño phenomenon, droughts have become more frequent, impacting water availability and quality for vanilla plants. This study addresses these challenges by examining the plant’s responses to drought at a vanilla plantation in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, over two years. A completely randomized design was used, testing five water stress levels (100%, 50%, 25%, 150%, and 200% field capacity). Variables measured included relative water content, physiological activity, chlorophyll, proline content, leaf total acid, photosynthesis efficiency, and morphological traits. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Vanilla plants exhibited significant physiological and morphological changes in response to varying water conditions. Severe drought (25% water stress) led to reduced relative water content, chlorophyll levels, and CO₂ assimilation, alongside increased proline accumulation. Moderate drought (50% water stress) had a lesser impact. Under field capacity (100%) and excess water (150% and 200%), plants maintained higher relative water content and chlorophyll levels, efficient CO₂ assimilation, and optimal morphological traits. The presence of proline under excess water suggests a dual stress response to drought and waterlogging. Beans from severely drought-stressed plants showed a significant decrease in vanillin content and weight. Identifying and developing vanilla varieties with greater tolerance to water scarcity is essential to ensure sustainable production in the face of climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yovi Avianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Fungi Pelarut Fosfat Asal Rizosfer Tanaman di Lahan Pasca Tambang Timah
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk kelimpahan fungi di rizosfer tanaman kangkung, bayam, dan petai cina yang ditanam di lahan pasca tambang timah, dan jenis fungi pelarut fosfat yang tumbuh di rizosfer tanaman kangkung, bayam, dan petai cina yang ditanam di lahan pasca tambang timah di Desa Padang Baru, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak tujuh sampel isolat yang menunjukkan beberapa parameter koloni fungi yang harus diidenteifikasi. Hasil identifikasi dan karakterissi berdasarkan dari morfologi secara makroskopis, dan mikroskopis, sehingga pengamatan makroskopis juga dapat melihat pigmentasi warna atas, dan warna bawah, elevasi, tepi koloni, dan permukaan. Pengamatan mikroskopis juga dapat meilihat hifa, konidiofor, dan hialid. Ditemukannya hasil beberapa jenis fungi pelarut fosfat yaitu Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, dan Aspergillus. Pada ketiga jenis ini yang berperan penting dalan melarutkan fosfat yang paling tinggi adalah Aspergillus sp.
keyword : Phosphate-solubilizing Fungi, Tin Post-Mining Land, Aspergillus sp.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Fharellia Anjani, Ismed Inonu, Rahmad Lingga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification and Abudance of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Plants in Post-Tin Mining Landa Tambang Timah
This study aimed to isolate and identify Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) from the rhizosphere of spinach, water spinach, and lamtoro grown on post-tin mining land in Padang Baru Village, Central Bangka Regency. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere and serially diluted before being cultured on Pikovskaya agar to isolate PSB, which were then characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. Biochemical tests included Gram staining, catalase, motility, methyl red (MR), and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) tests, while phosphate solubilization activity was quantified using the Phosphate Solubilization Index (PSI). A total of seven isolates were successfully obtained and showed diverse colony morphologies, indicating adaptation to extreme post-mining conditions. The isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Acinetobacter, known for solubilizing phosphate via organic acids and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Although the PSI values were in the moderate range, the high colony abundance demonstrated strong viability and ecological competitiveness. These research suggest that PSB from degraded post-mining soils may serve as potential biofertilizers to enhance phosphorus availability and support ecological rehabilitation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vania Putri, Ismed Inonu, Rahmad Lingga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of 2,4-D and BAP On The Multiplication of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
Vanilla is a plant that has many benefits, high selling value and potential to be developed. Conventional propagation of vanilla such as through cuttings has not been effective, so a more effective method of propagation is needed, one of which is propagation through tissue culture. In-vitro propagation of vanilla can be through shoot multiplication to produce fast plantlets. One of the successes of shoot multiplication is influenced by the hormone given. This study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of 2,4-D and BAP on the multiplication of vanilla shoots. The study design used CRD with a combination factor of 2,4-D (concentration 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L) and BAP (concentration 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 0.75 mg/L). The explants used were vanilla stem segments. Based on the research results, the combined treatment with concentrations of 2,4-D 1 mg/L and BAP 0.5 mg/L had a very significant effect on the multiplication of vanilla shoots with the fastest emergence of shoots with an average of 6.6 wap, the highest number of shoots was 7 shoots, and the survival percentage was 100%.
Copyright (c) 2025 Didik Pudji Restanto, Nisma Riyadh Nadiya, Parawita Dewanti, Mohammad Nur Khozin, Mohammad Candra Prayoga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving the Quality of Corn Cob Compost Fertilizer with Various Raw Material Compositions
Farmers have not yet utilized corn cobs, one of the agricultural wastes. Corn cobs themselves contain organic material, which can be optimized as an ingredient for making organic fertilizer. However, the habit of farmers when the harvest season arrives is that they burn or pile up corn cobs on their agricultural land. This results in the accumulation of corn cob waste increasing every time the harvest season takes place. Methods to determine the best composition of corn cob compost by testing its effectiveness using various formulations. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. P1 pure composition of corn cobs, P2 (2:1) corn cobs and cow cohe, P3 (1:2) corn cobs and cow cohe, P4 (1:1) corn cobs and cow cohe. Results In this research, the parameters observed include pH, temperature, macronutrients (N, P, K), C-organic, C/N ratio, color, odor/aroma, and texture. pH and temperature checks are carried out every 3 days in the morning. Laboratory tests are carried out to determine the content of macronutrients (N, P, K), C-organic, and the C/N ratio. Meanwhile, organoleptic tests were carried out on texture and aroma parameters by 3 expert panelists. Conclusion: Based on the results of observations and laboratory tests, the best composition of corn cob compost fertilizer is found in P2 with a composition of cow cobs and kohe (2:1).
Copyright (c) 2026 Ugik Romadi, Selly Ika Damayanti, Rika Despita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of Gypsum Waste and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Ultisol Soil
Peanut is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia as a protein and vegetable oil source. Soil conditions in Indonesia are usually ultisol soils that have low pH and nutrients, this is an obstacle in peanut cultivation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of calcite sources and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of peanut in ultisol soil. This research was conducted from May to August 2024 at UPTD Balai Benih Pertanian Air Pelempang, Bangka Regency. The research used a split-plot randomized group design. The main plot was without a calcite source (P1), agricultural calcite (P2), and gypsum waste (P3). Subplots were commercial compost (K1), chicken manure (K2), and cow manure (K3). Data analysis was performed using an analysis of variance with a significant level of 95% and a follow-up test with Duncan's Multiple Range Test with a significant level of 95%. The results showed that the treatment of calcite sources from agricultural calcite was better than the treatment of gypsum waste and without calcite sources. The treatment of organic fertilizer from chicken manure was better than cow manure and commercial compost. The combination that gave the best results with the highest value was agricultural calcite and chicken manure fertilizer, which affected all parameters except the percentage of effective root nodules, root dry weight, and flowering age. Gypsum waste has the potential to be a substitute for agricultural calcite when combined with chicken manure fertilizer, as it does not have significant results with agricultural calcite.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deni Pratama, Tri Lestari, Dini Febriyani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Stirring Time With the Addition of Acetic Acid in The Production of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is unheated coconut oil processing, which leaves the oil's composition and properties unchanged. In the process of making VCO, various methods can be used, including: Techniques such as acidification, controlled heating,centrifugation, fishing, fermentation, and enzymatic. In this study, VCO was made using the acidification method with the addition of 20% acetic acid. The approach taken was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors and every treatmentwas carried out three times, in order for 18 experimental units to be acquired. DA variance analysis was used to examine the data and continued with BNT at a level of 5%. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of acetic acid (1% and 2%) and the duration of stirring using a hand mixer with a maximum speed of 1,500 rpm for (10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes) and the interaction between the addition of acetic acid and the duration of stirring on the yield and quality produced. The VCO analysis test in this study included the yield test (%), water content (%), Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, peroxide number, specific gravity, and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste). According to the study's findings, the highest yield was 26.84% with the addition of 1% acetic acid with a stirring time of 15 minutes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Mariska Fahmi, Maryanti Maryanti, Febrina Delvitasari, Widia Rini Hartari , Anjeli Cerly Pramuditha, Jakty Kusuma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Essential Oil and N-Hexane Extract of Beluntas Leaves as Natural Insecticides with Bioindicators of Hongkong Caterpillars
Natural insecticides are pest control materials derived from natural sources such as plants. The use of natural insecticides is very important because it has a lower cost, is safe for living things and does not pollute the environment, so this study aims to determine the activity of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) as natural insecticides with bioindicators of Hong Kong caterpillars (Tenebrio molitor). Isolation of essential oils was carried out using the steam distillation method and extraction using the maceration method. Insecticide activity tests used the contact poison method and the residue method, with variations in extract and essential oil concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 20%, 30% (v/v) and positive controls, namely Hippo insecticide and negative control tween 80. The results of the isolation of essential oils from beluntas leaves produced a yield of 2%, while extraction using the maceration method produced a yield of 1.84%. The results of the insecticide activity test using the contact poison method were more effective than the residue method. The insecticidal activity and n-hexane extract are more effective than essential oils, this is due to the differences in the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the extract and essential oil.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tita Juwita , Nadia Agustin, Ida Duma Riris, Eddiyanto, Hendrawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Combining Ability of Inbred Lines, Performance, and Heterosis of Single-Cross Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids
The utilization of superior hybrid varieties is pivotal in enhancing national maize productivity. Therefore, the continuous development of cultivars specifically adapted to distinct agroecosystems remains imperative. To that end, this study evaluated six inbred lines and 15 single-cross hybrids derived from a half diallel mating design to assess the combining ability of these inbred lines and examine the agronomic performance and heterotic expression manifested in the resulting hybrids. All genotypes, including the hybrids, inbred parents, and a check variety (P32), were tested using an RCBD with two replications in Nagari Situjuah, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using F-tests followed by a planned LSD test with SAS software at the 5% significance level. PCA and path analysis were performed using RStudio, while GCA and SCA were analyzed using Diallel-SAS software. Results showed that the UZ 9 line performed the highest GCA for growth, flowering and yield-related traits. Hybrids UZ 3><UZ 9 (H2), P137-1><R2 (H14), and CLYN><R2 (H15) exhibited the best SCA values, coupled with superior agronomic performance, positive and high heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and standard heterosis for yield, achieving up to 11 tons hectare⁻¹, comparable to P32. PCA further supported these findings, which revealed that H2, H14, and H15 were associated with shorter flowering, harvesting periods and higher kernel yield. Path analysis identified kernel weight ear⁻¹ as the most influential variable affecting kernel yield hectare⁻¹. These findings highlight H2, H14, and H15 as promising hybrids with strong potential for further development and evaluation before release as new superior hybrid varieties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ms Dela Oktakia, PK Dewi Hayati, Sutoyo, Hafid Harnas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genetic Relationship and Rice Quality of Upland Rice Local Accessions from West Bangka Regency
Genetic diversity of local rice is important for food security and sustainable agriculture. Local rice excels in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, short harvest periods, and cost efficiency, making it a favorable choice for farmers and consumers. This research aims to analyze the genetic relationships, rice organoleptic properties, and chemical characteristics of several upland rice local accessions in West Bangka Regency. This study used a field survey method with purposive random sampling technique. Samples were collected for 34 quantitative and qualitative characters. Chemical property testing included moisture content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, lignin, amylose, and anthocyanin, as well as organoleptic testing. Data analysis used NTSys and DSSASTAT software. The genetic relationship based on qualitative characters was divided into two clusters at a 61% coefficient, and the closest genetic relationship was found between Jawa and Mayang accessions with a 100% coefficient. Lignin content ranged from 0.62-0.79%, amylose from 8.14-18.64%, and anthocyanin from 0.04-2.54%, varying among accessions. Variations in moisture content were 11.63-13.13%, ash 0.34-0.59%, fat 0.12-0.78%, protein 7.42-8.92%, and carbohydrates 77.84-80.28%. Organoleptic tests showed that the Pulut Emas accession received the highest overall rating of 3.68.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rossa Amilia, Eries Dyah Mustikarini, Maera Zasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Breeding Methods for Anthracnose Resistant Chili Pepper in the Last Decade: A Review
Chili is one of the most economically valuable commodities cultivated worldwide. The high interest in chili can be attributed to capsaicin, which provides a spicy sensation when consumed. The level of interest in chili cultivation does not necessarily correlate with the yields obtained. The loss in production and yield can be attributed to the disruption of the Colletotrichum spp., which causes anthracnose disease. Breeding for anthracnose-resistant chili has been a focus of research for many scientists in various countries. Conventional and molecular methods are employed in the production of anthracnose-resistant chilies. This study will examine a range of articles and investigate the development of anthracnose-resistant chilies. The article was searched in the Scopus database. The articles were filtered based on the publication date range of 2014 to 2024, resulting in 343 articles. Furthermore, the articles were evaluated based on predetermined criteria, resulting in the identification of 22 articles. The breeding of anthracnose-resistant chili plants employs a range of conventional and molecular techniques to identify the most suitable lines. Various techniques, including crossing and different kinds of selection, were employed and validated through the development of molecular markers. Markers and genes have been identified, including RA80f6_r1, RA80f6_g1, RA80f6_g2, and RCT1, which are responsible for anthracnose resistance. This review provides an overview of the various anthracnose-resistant chili breeding methods.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fitriansyah Putra, Nono Carsono, Fitri Widiantini, Citra Bakti, Oscar W. Mitalo, Seung Wong Kang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Yield and Yield Components of Several Mungbean Varieties (Vigna radiata L. wiczek) as A Result of Kieserite Fertilization
Mungbean is one of food plants that has important role as a source of nutrition. One of the important macronutrient elements which its deficiency can disrupt the photosynthesis process resulting in reduced mungbean growth and yield is Mg (magnesium). Research aimed to determine responses of several varieties to application of different doses of kieserite fertilizer and to obtain the best dose for each varieties. Experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first factor was four varieties i.e. ‘Vima 1’, ‘Vima 3’, ‘Vima 5’, and ‘Vimil 1’. Second factor was four levels of kieserit fertilizer dosage (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). Observed variables were yield and yield components. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's test at 5% α level. Results showed that the responses of four varieties used were relatively the same to the dose of kieserit, and dose aplication of kieserit 50 kg.ha-1 could increase yield. Highest yielding variety was Vima-5 variety with highest number of pods and yield per plant. While the lowest yielding variety was Vimil-1 variety which had lower seed size (weight 100 seeds) than of other varieties.
Copyright (c) 2024 Buhaira, Sosiawan Nusifera, Helmi Salim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Superior Local Avocado in Bangka Island
Avocado has not become a leading commodity in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The potential for avocado development in this region is still open because it is supported by local germplasm. Characterization and evaluation of local avocado germplasm need to be carried out to improve plants and obtain superior varieties. Research on morphological characterization and evaluation of local accession avocado fruit was conducted in the Bangka Island region from September 2021 to August 2022. Research was conducted on 4 avocado plants that were considered to have the potential superior accession, i.e., Babel-1, Babel-2, Babel-3 and Babel-4. Observations were made on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the fruit. The UPGMA hierarchical grouping method was used to analyze the similarity of accessions and scoring assessment method was used to assess its superiority. Based on observations of the morphological characteristics of the fruit, Babel-1 and Babel-2 avocados have a similarity coefficient of 67%, Babel-4 avocados 62%, and Babel-3 avocados 57%. The scoring assessment of the Babel-1, Babel-2, Babel-3, and Babel-4 avocados was: 72; 69; 64; 70.
Copyright (c) 2024 Farihul Ihsan, Hadori, Amellia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi from Two Ecosystems on Increasing Growth and Yield of Cauliflower in Peat Media
The success factor in developing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungal (AMF) biofertilizers the source of propagules, which is determined by ecological factors. The compatibility between AMFs is important in deciding whether the biofertilizer produced can be used efficiently. The research aims to study and obtain location-specific AMF from two different ecosystems on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants with efficient fertilization. The research was conducted in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, from June to November 2023. The research method used a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor is the ecosystem source of AMF propagules (without AMF, AMF from peat ecosystems, and AMF from dry land ecosystems). The second factor is the level of NPK fertilization (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose). The research results obtained show that the application of AMF from peat ecosystems and dry land as a biological fertilizer is able to support the efficiency of NPK fertilization in increasing the growth and yield of cauliflower plants up to a fertilizer level of 50% of the recommended dose.
Copyright (c) 2024 Iwan Sasli, Tatang Abdurrahman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification Of Agronomic And Morphological Characteristics Of Some Local Rice Varieties In The Lebak Swampland
Characterization is a process observation of knowing the character a plant. The aim of the study was to identify agronomic and morphological characteristics as well as the kinship of several local rice varieties in the lebak swampland. This research was carried out in Mudung Laut Village, Pelayangan District, Jambi Province with a middle lebak swampland agroecosystem from July to December 2022. The design used was Randomized Group with three replicates, with 14 local rice and two superior rice varieties, are Pandan Wangi Kuning, Mawar, Putih, Tinggi, Ketan Hitam, Napi, Serendah Layap, Bujang Berinai, Kuning, Janu, Melati, Sentani, Bendera, Pandan Wangi, Padi Merah dan Inpara 3. Quantitative data using analysis of variance, if there are differences continued with the Scott Knott test at the level of α = 5%. Quantitative data to determine the kinship of rice varieties was carried out by cluster analysis. The research results, it was found that there was a diversity of morphological characters in various local swamp rice varieties and significantly different in all variables which could be caused by genetic and environmental factors biotic and abiotic. Analysis of kinship rice varieties in Swamp Lebak has a similarity coefficient value ranging from 0.71 to 1.00.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jumakir Jumakir, Aswandi Aswandi, Aryunis Aryunis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The intensity of new pest attacks Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith on corn plantation in Mendo Barat district, Bangka regency
Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) is a new pest species in Indonesia which has the potential to attack corn plantation in Mendo Barat District because it has the highest harvested corn area in Bangka Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the attack intensity, Symptom Characteristics and distribution of S. frugiperda on corn plantations in Mendo Barat District, Bangka Regency. The study had been conducted in November 2019 to February 2020 using the observation method. Study sites and sampling techniques was carried out by using purposive sampling technique. The results showed S. frugiperda larvae had the same characteristics as those found in Africa, namely the inverted Y pattern on the head, four black dots on the eighth dorsal segment, thick bands on the lateral part and three bright lines on the upper body. Symptoms of an attack in the early vegetative phase of corn were transparent holes in the leaves and shoots, while in the reproductive phase were damaged cob and corn kernels. The number of caterpillars, the highest number of plants attacked and damaged were found in Petaling Banjar Village by 55% intensity of severe attacks. The intensity of relative damage was at 31.6%. Most of the plants attacked and damaged by S. frugiperdawere found mostly in the tasseling and silking (R1) phase and monoculture planting systems. We conclude the S. frugiperda attacked the corn plants in Mendo Barat District and caused various kinds of damage in accordance with the growing stage of corn plants.
Attack intensity, corn, fall armyworm, silking, tasseling
Copyright (c) 2024 Rion Apriyadi, Riska Yuni Marlinda, Sitti Nurul Aini, Gigih Ibnu Prayoga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genetic Diversity, Morphology and Production of Latimojong Highland Sago Plants, Luwu Regency
Luwu Regency is one of the centers of sago distribution in South Sulawesi Province, both in the lowlands and highlands. The existence of genotypes and phenotypes in different locations can provide information related to the level of sago plant diversity. Information on the diversity of sago accessions from the community is generally only based on morphological and production characters so that it is unstable due to environmental influences.This research aims to obtain data and information on genetic diversity based on RAPD molecular markers, morphological characteristics and production potential of various sago accessions in the highlands. The research method was carried out through the stages of observing morphological and production characters by direct observation in the field. Genetic diversity analysis was carried out using the RAPD molecular marker test using 9 selected primers. The samples used were young sago leaves. Sago samples for the purposes of observing morphology and production in felled ripe sago stands were carried out using destructive sampling by cutting down sample sago trees. The selected sago has entered the mature felling phase in each accession which has the same morphological characteristics based on visual characteristics and information from key respondents. The average polymorphic band was 7.33 while the average monomorphic band was 3.22. The highest percentage of polymorphism was 88.88% while the lowest was 41.67 %. Some accessions have the highest dissimilarity coefficient of 70%, while the lowest similarity coefficient value is 18 %. Latimojong highland sago has a low production average of 118.24 kg tree-1
Copyright (c) 2024 Masluki, Mutmainnah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Seed Quality and Growth of Soybean from Different Types of Soil and Cropping System
Soybean is one of the national strategic commodities. The increasing of soybeans needs, it is necessary to prepare the high quality seed. Different environmental conditions such as soil condition and cropping system will affect the quality of seed. The aimed of this study was to investigates the quality of soybean seed from different types of soil and cropping system. The research was conducted experimentally using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor is the source of seeds that come from two types of soil, namely peat and mineral. The second factor is seeds that come from monoculture and intercropping. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the fat and protein content of soybean seeds from seeds planted on mineral soils was better than seeds from peat soils. Planting soybean seeds in peat soil can increase the fiber and carbohydrate content of the seeds as well as the viability and vigor of the seeds. Intercropping system increased protein and fiber content of seed, but not affect its vegetative growth.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indah Permanasari, Tiara Septirosya, Novita Hera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) with Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer in the Lowlands
The high yield gap between the potential of varieties and the real production of corn in the field is one of the problems in meeting the national corn needs, so various efforts to increase productivity are continuously carried out, one of which is the application of inorganic fertilizers that are suitable for plant needs and specific. The study was conducted at KP Mojosari AIAT East Java from November 2020 to February 2021. The experiment used a randomized block design (RAK) with 5 replications and 6 treatments including control (without fertilizer) and 5 other treatments which were a combination of the dose of ammonium chloride fertilizer and the dose of urea fertilizer. The results showed that treatment F showed the highest yields on plant height and canopy width, treatment E showed best results on leaf width variables, and treatment C showed the highest results on stem diameter variables. Meanwhile, result parameter shows that all treatment combinations obtained higher results than the control. The conclusion is that this ammonium chloride fertilizer can be used for corn because it has an additional Cl element which is useful for the efficient use of nitrogen in plants, but the application of Cl must be limited
Copyright (c) 2024 Eni Fidiyawati, Tri Cahyono, Dwi Setyorini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maize Development with Planting Methode the Zig-Zag System for Increasing Productivity in the Tidal Swampland
Maize is the second main food commodity in the Indonesian economic system. The self-sufficiency was achieved in 2017, however the nation's corn production to decrease and import value in 2018 and 2019 increased by 60.98% and 25.49% or about 1.15 million tons and 293,210 tons. The projection of cornproduction until 2024 will increase by about 24.04 - 24.98 million tonsof dry peel with a growth rate of about 2.05%. The development of maize in the tidal swampland by the extensification of the planting area is very possible, particularly on the C, C/D, and D overflow type land that is about 3.36 million hectares wide. According to the growth rate, the planting area increasedby about 75,000 ha would contribute about 396.750 tons/year to the nation's production. One of the planting methods that could be applied for maize plants to increase productivity and corn production is the Zig-Zag System. The zig-zag system could increase plant population by around 60-80% and yield 30-40% per hectare. The development of hybrid variety with the Zig-Zag system by the 75 x 25 x 12.5 cm spacing 100-hectare wides in the acid sulfate land conducted in South Kalimantan, could be increasing the corn productivity achieved 14 ton/ha dry peel with 15% water content. The development of maize with planting methods the zig-zag systems in the tidal swampland very prospectively to supporting an increase of nation corn production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khairatun Napisah, Raylander Smith Simatupang, Eni Maftu'ah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Response of Three Varieties of Green Beans to Boron Fertilizer Application with Varied Doses
Boron is a micronutrient that plays an important role in plant growth and development. This research aims to determine the response of several varieties to the application of different doses of boron fertilizer and to obtain the best dose for each variety. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with a two-factor factorial pattern with two replications. The first factor is three varieties of green beans (Kutilang, Vima 2, Sampoeng) and the second is five levels of boron fertilization doses (0 kg ha-1, 1,5 kg ha-1, 3,0 kg ha-1, 4,5 kg ha-1, 6,0 kg ha-1). The variables observed are growth, yield and yield components variables. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's test, each at the 5% level. The optimum dose for each variety was obtained through second order (quadratic) regression analysis. The results show that there are differences in the response between the three varieties to boron fertilizer in the variable seed weight per plant. The influence of varieties can be seen independently on all variables, the influence of boron fertilizer has an independent influence on all variables except the number of primary branches. The optimum dose of boron for the kutilang variety is 2.39 kg ha-1, the Vima 2 variety is 3.36 kg ha-1, and Sampoeng, 3.19 kg ha-1.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miranti Sari Fitriani, Arzita Arzita, Nyimas Myrna Elsa Fathia, Sosiawan Nusifera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) on Broccoli Plant at Boyolali, Indonesia
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the emerging viruses that causes serious yield losses of brassica vegetables, including Indonesia. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a potential horticultural commodity in Indonesia because of its many benefits. The objective of this study was to detect TuMV-infecting broccoli using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Field survey has been conducted to determine disease symptoms in broccoli field Boyolali, Central Java. This study was conducted through several phases, which are: leaves sample collection on the field, virus RNA isolation, RT-PCR, and TuMV detection using coat protein (CP) specific primer. The result of field observed broccoli plant with several symptom of TuMV infection, such as: mosaic symptom leaf, blister leaf, vein banding, vein clearing, and yellowing of leaf spot. The detection of TuMV by RT-PCR showed that broccoli with those symptoms observed is positively infected by TuMV. Specific DNA band was amplified from infected plant on 800 bp. This study is report of naturally infection of TuMV on broccoli with those symptoms at Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiwit Probowati, Pilar Rosatria Firyalunfah, Tsania Taskia Nabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality Parameter Stability of 35 Sinensis Tea Clones (Camellia Sinensis var. Sinensis) Processed into Green Tea by Panning and Steaming
The Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona (RITC) has a collection of 35 tea clones of the Sinensis type whose performance parameters for green tea are unknown, so it is necessary to screen these clones as an effort to characterize the performance parameters for green tea quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the clones with stable quality parameter performance in two processing methods namely panning and steaming as well as the suitability of each clone with the processing method. The diversity of green tea quality parameter performance was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The stability of the green tea quality parameters was tested using the Finaly-Wilkinson method, while the differences in the performance of the green tea quality parameters in the panning and steaming methods were analyzed using combined variance followed by an additional Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) test at the 5% level. The results of this study were clones I.1.101, I.2.34, I.2.85, II.1.3, II.1.60, R1, S2, GMBS 3, and GMBS 4 which had stable green tea quality in two processing methods, namely panning and steaming. . Meanwhile clones I.2.34, I.4.113, II.2.146, II.3.16, R3, S1, S3, and GMBS 3 will show good quality green tea when processed using the panning method, while clones I.1.93, II.2.108 , II.4.32, II.4.178, SGMBA, and Yabukita will show good quality green tea when processed using the steaming method.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Khais Prayoga, Heri Syahrian, Vitria Puspitasari Rahadi, Hilman Maulana, Shabri Shabri, Alina Akhdya, Budi Martono, Tri Joko Santoso, Dwinita Wikan Utami http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potency and Mechanism of Yeast-Like Fungus Pseudozyma in Controlling Anthracnose on Chili
Application of biocontrol agents on pre- and post-harvest commodities is a promising disease control strategy. This research was objected to study the potencies and antagonism mechanisms of eight isolates of yeast-like fungus Pseudozyma, i.e. P. hubeiensis Dmg 18 BEP, Dmg 20 DEP, Dmg 23 DEP, Dmg 27 BEP, and Dmg 32 DEP, P. shanxiensis Dmg 28 DEP, dan P. aphidis SG 25 BE and SG 53 BE in controlling Colletotrichum acutatum, the cause of anthracnose on chili. Those isolates of Pseudozyma were obtain from chili leaf and fruit surfaces and tissues. To study their potencies in controlling anthracnose on chili caused by C. acutatum, the eight Pseudozyma isolates were applied on chili fruit. While the study of the antagonism mechanisms was performed by antibiosis, volatile compound formation, chitinolitic activities, hyperparasitism, and ACC deaminase production tests. The results showed that all isolates of the Pseudozyma had the potencies to control anthracnose on chili caused by C. acutatum with more than 60% control levels. The mechanisms were production of volatile compounds, chitinolitic activities, and hyperparasitism. Those Pseudozyma isolates did not produce ACC deaminase.
chitinolitic activity, Colletotrichum acutatum, hyperparasitism, volatile compound
Copyright (c) 2023 Sri Hartati, Suryo Wiyono, Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat, Meity Suradji Sinaga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genetic Diversity of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Variety Bauji of Result Gamma Ray Irradiation 60Co (Generation 5)
One of the important factors in developing new superior varieties is genetic diversity. Gamma ray irradiation of 60Co is one method of mutation induction. The aim of the study was to find out the dose of irradiation that had the best diversity value in Allium ascalonicum the Bauji variety gamma irradiation 60Co, which consisted of doses of 3 Gy and 4 Gy with 7 replications each using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The randomization method uses the lottery draw manually. Each treatment required 56 tubers and 1 planter bag contained 4 tubers. Control plants are symbolized by the code "B", plants with a dose of 3 Gy are symbolized by the code "MB 3", and plants with a treatment dose of 4 Gy are symbolized by the code "MB 4". The results showed that the highest plant diversity based on the standard deviation value was in the MB 4 Gy treatment in terms of plant length, tuber number, tuber diameter, wet tuber stover weight, dry tuber weight and tuber weight. While the control produces the highest standard deviation values ​​on the parameters of the number of leaves and the age of flowering. In conclusion, gamma 60Co irradiation had a significant effect on the results of research on the fifth generation of the shallot variety Bauji on the parameters of number of leaves, age of flowering, number of tubers, tuber diameter, wet stover weight of tubers and tuber weight.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nanda Widyaningtyas Widyaningtyas, Ida Retno Moeljani, Agus Sulistyono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adaptive Soybean Cultivation Technology on Space Between Immature Rubber Plants
Space between plant (Gawangan) of immature rubber plant is one of the potential locations for the development of soybean plants. This study aims to obtain recommendations for adaptive soybean cultivation technology packages for immature rubber plantations. The research was conducted in August-November 2018 on a three-year-old rubber plantation in Gardu Village, Armajaya District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The study was conducted using a randomized block design of 4 treatments which was repeated 5 times. The data collected included the components of growth and yield of soybeans as well as input and production costs for each technology package. The growth component and yield component data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there was a difference, then Duncan Multiple Range (DMRT) was done. The feasibility of farming is calculated from the value of the cost of revenue (R/C ratio). The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the number of branches, empty pods, weight of filled pods, filled seeds, seed weight per plant. However, the treatment had no significant effect on plant height, filled pods, number of pods per plant, empty or damaged seeds, number of seeds per stem, percentage of empty or damaged seeds, 1000 grain weight of seeds. All technology packages are economically feasible to develop because they have an R/C ratio > 1.
Copyright (c) 2023 Siti Rosmanah, Miswarti, Alfayanti, Tri Wahyuni, Taupik Rahman, Hertina Artanti, Herlena Bidi Astuti, Shannora Yuliasari, Yahumri, Wawan Eka Putra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Urea on Soil Characteristics, Number of Functional Microbes, and Yield of Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) In Latosol
Urea Fertilizer doses are a significant factor in sorghum production. This research was conducted to study soil characteristics and sorghum production through the applications of urea fertilizer doses in Latosol soil. This research was conducted from May to September 2019 in the KST GA Siwabesy experiment field at Pasar Jumat, South Jakarta. The design used in this study was a randomized block design (CRD) with 4 treatments in the form of fertilizer N doses of 0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1. The results showed that applying N fertilization did not affect soil pH, soil P available, soil organic C, soil N total, C/N ratio, CO2 content, and soil nitrate content. N fertilization significantly affected the number of functional microbes, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes (MPF). In addition, N uptake of sorghum and dry weight of sorghum seeds increased significantly by 5.54 times and 2.29 times, respectively, from control when urea fertilizer was applied to 200 kg urea ha-1.
Copyright (c) 2022 Taufiq Bachtiar, Bayu Adirianto, Muftia Hanani, Nur Robifahmi, Anggi Nico Flatian, Ania Citraresmini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Tungro Disease Score and Loss of Rice Yield Components
The Tungro disease is a significant issue that impedes rice production. It is spread by green leafhopper vectors carrying the RTBV and RTSV pathogens. The infection causes a decline in various components of rice yield and is categorized based on a scoring system ranging from 1 to 9. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the scoring values and yield loss, as well as determine the production factor that had the greatest impact on yield loss for each score. The research was conducted at the IP2TP Tungro Disease Research Station between August and October 2020. A purposive sampling technique, which involved the direct observation of tungro-affected rice fields, was employed as the research method. A score was assigned to 5 clumps of plants for each case. Data analysis was performed using simple regression, correlation, and PCA. The findings indicate that with the exception of the empty grain parameter, which increased along with the scoring value, each increment in the Tungro score resulted in a decrease in the yield variables. The components of yield that declined in all scores as a result of Tungro infection included total grain weight, weight of 100 seeds, total grain count, and total grain content.
Copyright (c) 2023 Firmansyah, Khaerana, Effi Alfiani Sidik http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0