The Effect of Eugenol and Its Mixtures with Several Fatty Acids on the Toxicity and Enzyme Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v10i1.1003Keywords:
Eugenol, Fatty Acid, Fall Armyworm, Topical, Botanical PesticideAbstract
Spodoptera frugiperda has become a serious threat to maize production in Indonesia, causing significant yield losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combinations of eugenol and fatty acids (oleic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid) against the mortality of S. frugiperda larvae. All mixtures were prepared at a ratio of 1:5 and tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5% (w/v) along with a control treatment. The results showed significant differences among treatments. The combination of eugenol and oleic acid caused the highest larval mortality, reaching 80–100% at concentrations of 0.5–5%. The eugenol and lauric acid mixture increased mortality beginning at 0.5% concentration, with a mortality rate of 28.74%. In the eugenol and myristic acid treatment, the highest mortality occurred at 2% and 5%, reaching 98.75% and 100%, respectively. Toxicity analysis showed that the LD50 value of eugenol alone was 0.69 mg g⁻¹ larva, while combinations with oleic acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid produced LD50 values of 0.25, 0.74, and 0.50 mg g⁻¹ larva, respectively. The synergistic ratio (SR) was highest in the eugenol and oleic acid combination (2.76), indicating the strongest synergistic effect. All combinations affected the specific activities of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and esterase enzymes in S. frugiperda larvae. Overall, the eugenol and oleic acid combination showed the best insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae
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